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How do political theory, hegemony and propaganda interact with each other? Ideology uses propaganda as a tool to change or reinforce its existence. Hegemony (e.g. political) atomic number 50 then be built on this ideology. But is ideology seen as conscious manipulation, through propaganda? Or is it a scientific approach to scrutinize systems of ideas and relations? What does it imply for media studies? The readings offer realizable answers to these questions which I will try to identify. According to Ellul, propaganda is a advanced technique based on scientific analyses of psychology and sociology, engage analyses, and the attempt to control, measure, and define its effects. Ellul takes an external approach in which recent propaganda is directed at the individualistic and the masses at the aforesaid(prenominal) time. Propaganda reaches individuals enclosed in the mass and as participants in that mass, notwithstanding it also aims at a crowd, but only as a body composed of individuals whereby the individual is reduced to an median(a). Although the group is intercommunicate as a whole, each individual must have the feeling of being addressed personally making him feel special in a way. A good example that comes to mind is the advertising campaign by apple when the iPod (in later generations) was launched cities were over floated with advertising on assorted media channel.

To me the iPod was omnipresent in the subway first through billboards and after(prenominal) its launch by people using them. The advertisement was addressed to the masses, but individualized at the same time as the iPod offers various styles accompanied with the line which iPod are you? Im not sure if apple used all skillful media available which Ellul would call total propaganda but their campaign was successful. same to Althusser, Ellul saw education as a kind of propaganda, schools as a means to prepare children for their place in society, to survive to a social group with a conformist view. Althusser, however, took it shape up to say that the educational... If you want to get a full essay, modulate it on our website: Orderessay

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